Charlotte Perkins Gilman Quotes

Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote in a variety of genres, including The Yellow Wallpaper, a short story highlighting the rest cure for women in the 19th century; Woman and Economics, a sociological analysis of womens place; and Herland , a feminist utopia novel. Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote in favor of equality between men and women. Selected Charlotte Perkins Gilman Quotations †¢ And woman should stand beside man as the comrade of his soul, not the servant of his body. †¢ In New York City, everyone is an exile, none more so than the Americans. †¢ It is not that women are really smaller-minded, weaker-minded, more timid and vacillating, but that whosoever, man or woman, lives always in a small, dark place, is always guarded, protected, directed and restrained, will become inevitably narrowed and weakened by it. The woman is narrowed by the home and the man is narrowed by the woman. †¢ It is the duty of youth to bring fresh new powers to bear on Social progress. Each generation of young people should be to the world like a vast reserve force to a tired army. They should life the world forward. That is what they are for. †¢ To swallow and follow, whether old doctrine or new propaganda, is a weakness still dominating the human mind. †¢ Until mothers earn their livings, women will not. †¢ So when the great word Mother! rang once more,I saw at last its meaning and its place;Not the blind passion of the brooding past,But Mother -- the Worlds Mother -- come at last,To love as she had never loved before --To feed and guard and teach the human race. †¢ There is no female mind. The brain is not an organ of sex. Might as well speak of a female liver. †¢ The mother -- poor invaded soul -- finds even the bathroom door no bar to hammering little hands. †¢ The first duty of a human being is to assume the right relationship to society -- more briefly, to find your real job, and do it. †¢ Love grows by service. †¢ But reason has no power against feeling, and feeling older than history is no light matter. †¢ To be surrounded by beautiful things has much influence upon the human creature: to make beautiful things has more. †¢ We have built into the constitution of the human race the habit and desire of taking, as divorced from its natural precursor and comcomitant of making. †¢ The women who do the most work get the least money, and the women who have the most money do the least work. †¢ There should be an end to the bitterness of feeling which has arisen between the sexes in this century. †¢ Eternity is not something that begins after you are dead. It is going on all the time. †¢ It will be a great thing for the human soul when it finally stops worshiping backwards. †¢ Two persons love in one another the future good which they aid one another to unfold. †¢ In our steady insistence on proclaiming sex-distinction we have grown to consider most human attributes as masculine attributes, for the simple reason that they were allowed for men and forbidden to women. †¢ George Sand smokes, wears male attire, wishes to be addressed as Mon frà ¨re; perhaps, if she found those who were as brothers indeed, she would not care whether she were a brother or sister. †¢ Habits of thought persist through the centuries; and while a healthy brain may reject the doctrine it no longer believes, it will continue to feel the same sentiments formerly associated with that doctrine. †¢ The softest, freest, most pliable and changeful living substance is the brain -- the hardest and most iron-bound as well. †¢ Death? Why this fuss about death. Use your imagination, try to visualize a world without death! . . . Death is the essential condition of life, not an evil. †¢ When one is assured of unavoidable and imminent death, it is the simplest of human rights to choose a quick and easy death in place of a slow and horrible one. Related Resources for Charlotte Perkins Gilman Charlotte Perkins Gilman PoemsThe Yellow Wallpaper - text About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote.

The True Meaning Of Strength - 948 Words

The True Meaning of Strength The term strength goes beyond its literary word and physical manifestation, and the exploration into the realm of what defines someone as strong, leads to the emergence of three fundamental pillars that convolute together to define what strength is. These three pillars represent the: physical, mental and spiritual aspects of strength. Strength is often overlooked as simply pertaining to the first pillar, which defines a beings physical strength. However, to uncover the genuine essence of strength it is fundamental to search beyond what is flexed on the surface to reveal an intricately complex connotation to the word. Too often strength is solely judged by its first pillar, while the rest are left to crumble away. However, if strength were to only be defined as physical then a chain of perceptual events would occur. Once strength is accepted widely as merely representing the brute force mustered by a being, it is then only praised and valued on that level. Consequently the defining word â€Å"physical† for strength, too often is associate with the word â€Å"masculine† as one of its defining characteristics, which transforms our idea of what strength is and makes it flat instead of three-dimensional. If strength is defined by masculinity, then gender is immediately implied, and society commences to praise men for being strong, and begins to teach young boys that the strength of their muscles is their defining quality, and not the strength of theirShow MoreRelatedMan and Masculinity1029 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines masculinity as â€Å"those qualities conventionally supposed to make a man an excellent specimen†; but what exactly are those qualities? Many would say that physical strength, ability to compete in sports, or even the ability to hold liquor are all parts of masculinity. In ancient Greece, they called this quality andreia, literally meaning â€Å"manliness†. 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Love is a feeling that sustainable to alterations, that take place at certain points in life, and love is even stronger than a breakup because separation cannot eliminate feelings. The writer makes use of metaphors expressing love as a feeling of mind not just heart as young readers may see it. To Shakespeare love is an immortal felling that is similar to a mark on a person’s life. This sonnet has a simple and straightforward meaning. It is shortRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathanial Hawthorne1074 Words   |  5 Pagesdignity.† The Scarlet Letter written by Nathanial Hawthorne centers on sin, identity and society. The meaning of the A in the Scarlet Letter is meant to mean â€Å"Adulterer†. The meaning is not definite, the A meaning rather ambiguous is taken to mean what the person wants it to mean, equivocally it can be said that the meaning(s) of the A mirrors the beliefs and thoughts of its onlookers. The meaning of A as a motif is a recurring concept and idea centering on society and identity. â€Å"She had wanderedRead MoreComparison of the Two Essays The Meaning of a Word and Being a Chink987 Words   |  4 Pages In The Meaning of a Word and Being a Chink, Gloria Naylor and Christine Leong examine words of hatred that are meant to scorn, hurt and disgrace people. But these same words could also be used without harmful intentions and in a fashion of endearment amongst the people those words were created for. They each had a different word to discriminate their different culture and ethnicity. These writers discuss the words nigger and chink, which are words in our language mostly ignorant peopleRead MoreStatistics : A Important Application For Psychology778 Words   |  4 Pagesassumption it is true. The significance level in psychological research is usually set to 0.05%. The p-value is the measurement, when assuming the null hypothesis is true, of an observable effect. Statistical significance is very important to hypothesis testing because it eliminates possibilities that sampling error may cause the observed effect being measured. If the p-value is less than or equal to the signi ficance level chosen (0.05%) then one would reject the null hypothesis meaning there is aRead MoreEssay on Charlie Gordon in Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keye625 Words   |  3 Pagesanything to become smarter even letting two doctors preform brain surgery to enhance his learning capability. Charlie evolves throughout the novel and by the end of his journey although his IQ is low he is a more complete person. He learns the true meaning of friendship and demonstrates intellectual growth as a person by overcoming obstacles and understanding various lessons. Friendship consists of expectations, perceptions and the importance of it. Gimpy, Frank and Joe (his so called friends)Read MoreDefining Virtue : Machiavelli s New Representation Of Lucrezia Vs. Lucretia1492 Words   |  6 PagesDefining Virtue: Machiavelli’s New Representation Of Lucrezia Vs. Lucretia Defining the true definition of virtue can be a debated subject. There are many different definitions that can be used to define virtue and many people can have their own opinions on the matter. We only have to consider definitions provided by academic scholars and those we believe possess virtue. Using St. Thomas Aquinas’ definition of virtue as Machiavelli’s intended definition of virtue in Mandragola will be used as theRead MoreThe Adult Learner Essay On Learning Styles1437 Words   |  6 PagesAddressing varied learning styles in teaching is a natural fit for this belief. Additionally, confirmation bias needs to be considered in educator’s acceptance of the learning styles theory as well. Humans most often seek confirmation of items we feel are true to our perceptions. We are well suited to finding (and noticing) these things as well and we often do not notice items that would contradict a confirmed belief (Marshik, 2015). Therefore, concerning learning sty les, humans are prone to seeing evidenceRead MoreHuman Conscience And Destiny In Oedipus The King By Sophocles1447 Words   |  6 Pages Among the Greek tragedies, there can probably be found something deeper and more elaborate, than â€Å"Oedipus the King† by Sophocles, but there is not a single one, in which the philosophical depth and tragic strength would be combined with such incomparable sophistication, noble grace and structural perfection. The image of a monstrous Sphinx with the face of a woman, wings, sharp claws, the body of a lion and mysteriously dangerous speech penetrates the whole tragedy as an incorporation of destiny

GI JANE Essay Example For Students

GI JANE Essay The film G.I. Jane takes place in the 1990s and shows discrimination of a women in the United States Navy. Lieutenant Jordan O Neal played by Demi Moore, is a naval intelligence officer who has ambitions of moving beyond her military desk job, to become a member of the Navy Seal. Thanks to the political maneuvering of a female senator, O Neal becomes the first female candidate for the Navy Seals. The Seals are the militarys elite Special Forces team. O Neal becomes the guinea pig of senator Lillian DeHaven in this film. DeHaven bullies the Navy into taking ONeal as a Seal recruit in order to become the first female member of the Navy Seal.ONeal is put through a series of tests and her main obstacle is Master Chief John Urayle, a man so menacing that the music slows down each time he enters a scene. 60% percent of all male recruits quit or do not make the cut, O Neal must overcome this statistic and others to become a part of Navy Seals. The most memorable scenes in the entire film ar e two extended music sequences in which Demi shaves off all her lovely locks, and does one-armed push-ups in a tight tank top. Her struggle is about survival of the fittest. This is made plain by three words spoken by ONeals words that become sort of the mantra for the movie Suck my -. What these words means is that O Neal has become fully assimilated, she has transformed into a lean mean fighting machine. What DeHaven and ONeals superiors and peers did not realize was that she dose not just try but she succeeds. She makes it through the horrifying grueling rigors of multilevel training despite the distrust and animosity of some of the men and without gender-based aids. She encounters a great deal of sexism and discrimination among the troops. Just as naturally, she shaves of her hair, gets buff, perseveres and earns everyones respect in the end. Lt. Jordan ONeal a woman fighting for the right to stand shoulder to shoulder with her male counterparts in the U.S. Navy. Her traning officers and fellow applicants confront her regulariliy with sexist attitudes, the press spied on her with telephoto lenses the military men who wanted to maintain a male institution would hound her with unfounded charges of lesbianism. But non of her advesiariers counted on ONeal singular strength. Even when she becomes fodder for compromising politicians who betray her, she refuses to surrender. Jordan ONeal is a Navy Veteran who resents not being allowed into combat during the Gulf War. Now there is a move under way for full female equality in the fighting forces. One quarter of U.S. Navy jobs are still off limits to women still today. On April 28, 1993 Secretary of Defense Les Aspin announced a policy to open up nurse specialists and assignments to women in the armed forces. The policy means that women will no longer be excluded from military specialists simpily because the jobs are dangerous. It opened up combat aircraft to women. It instructed the Navy to open additional ships to women. In November Congress signed legislation repealing the law barring women from serving on combat ships. In the film Senator Dehaven was pushing the military to accept females in all possibiile military positions. In contemporary society, women are already now accepted into combat situations and previously all-male military academies. Of the nearly 260,000 combat and combat support positions opened to women in 1994 more than half were in the Navy. Still, the Navy has the highest percentage of non-restricted jobs after the Airforce, 91% and 99% respectively. In contrast one third of Army and Marine corps jobs are off-limits because women are barred from the ground infantry armor and artillery units (USA Today, 1998) . In the closing scenes, the recruits final training exercise is diverted to aid in extracting American troops from the Middle East, the Master Chief was critically wounded. ONeil gathered all her leadership experience and courage to save him and the mission, even at the cost of risking her own life. Demi Moores portrayal of strong determined .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37 , .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37 .postImageUrl , .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37 , .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37:hover , .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37:visited , .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37:active { border:0!important; } .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37:active , .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37 .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56eac4388a2fabaae274cde017fcaf37:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life On Other Planets Essay

The Republic By Plato Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Republic By Plato Essay, Research Paper The Republic by Plato Throughout history, Plato has been conceived as one of the greatest philosophers of all clip. His many theories have made us dig deep into our heads for new cognition and apprehension. He is looked up to by many all over the universe in present twenty-four hours every bit good as in history. However, non even Plato is perfect. It is believed by many that there are mistakes with some facets of his society. Many believe that his thought of a # 8220 ; Utopian society # 8221 ; is far-fetched and unachievable. Although originative and original, Plato # 8217 ; s thoughts of society are by no agencies perfect. Many mistakes have been found within some facets of his society. One major point that many find mistake in is the instruction of the guardian category. Plato believes that in order to raise fit swayers, kids must be brought up in merely the best of conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Republic By Plato Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Children must hold a positive surrounding and be affected merely positively by human nature. He besides strongly believes that kids should neer hear # 8220 ; bad # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; negative # 8221 ; narratives. He believes that those types of narratives will merely promote the prospective swayers to prosecute in the negative and malicious Acts of the Apostless illustrated in some narratives. Plato believes that the prospective swayers should merely hear good narratives that will hold a positive moral consequence on their heads and governing abilities in the hereafter. Many believe that this thought could finally take to the ruin of this # 8220 ; Utopian society # 8221 ; . It is of import for developing heads to hold some negative experience. This is what creates a well- rounded person. If a individual were capable to merely positive experience throughout life, that individual would hold no realisation of what the # 8220 ; existent universe # 8221 ; is like. This would fina lly take to miss of cognition and apprehension and even Plato himself would happen that flooring in a negative manner. With this deficiency of cognition for the negative facets of life, a society would non be able to work. In no manner is it possible for a society to populate without some struggle. And when a swayer knows nil about this, the society will finally fall. Plato failed to set plenty thought into this thought of instruction of the guardian category. Had he read into this point a little more, his thought would no doubt hold changed. There is major mistake within Plato # 8217 ; s instruction of the guardian category. Another defect that is a concern is whom Plato decides should govern the society. Plato believes that the philosopher should govern. The philosophers in T he society were rich upper category persons. Plato believed that the swayer should hold the capacity to ground, and who better to ground so a philosopher. Many disagree with this position. It is believed by many that a member of the in-between category should be the one to govern. They have many makings that go unrecognised by Plato throughout the class of The Republic. The Middle Class is more educated than any other category. They have experienced more than the upper or lower category will of all time see. The in-between category has besides experienced positive and negative facets of life. They demonstrate, as in the words of Aristotle, â€Å"The Golden Mean† . This shows that they have experienced an equal sum of bad and good experience and non and inordinate sum of either. The philosophers that Plato wants to govern hold merely experienced the good facets of life, which, once more could take to the ruin. It is of import that the in-between category regulation because the in-between category, as stated by Aristotle, are most ready to listen to ground. And the ability to ground is one of Plato’s makings of being a swayer. Who should govern the society is another large defect in many people’s sentiments of his society. Another major point that many disagree with is the fact that a individual must lodge to the occupation that their natural abilities allow. Plato believes that if their one endowment was given to them, may it be carpentry or shoemaking, that should be their exclusive intent in society. Many disagree with this point. Humans in a society should truly be able to travel up in category or be able to larn many skilled professions. Plato would reason that this is incorrect. He believes that making another occupation that is non your intent in society goes against justness. This once more is non good for the society. This manner of life leaves members of society looking at things in one manner merely. They look at life the manner they ever have and their positions and sentiments neer change. This besides could really good take to the ruin of Plato # 8217 ; s so called # 8220 ; Utopian province # 8221 ; . If members of society were given the chance to research different ways of life and cat egory, their apprehension of the universe would be much more. Plato # 8217 ; s thoughts of category construction and natural abilities are in the heads of many a defect. In his twenty-four hours, Plato was a superb adult male, and his doctrine still lives strong with us today. There are many different sentiments of his thoughts good and bad. Although a superb philosopher, Plato did demo some defects in his thought of a perfect # 8220 ; Utopian province # 8221 ; .

Drugs And Their Effects On Business Essays - Drug Control Law

Drugs And Their Effects On Business Drugs are used heavily for recreational purposes. It is becoming more common for addicts to get high at work. Stoned workers are inefficient and are costing companies millions in accidents and los t productivity. Searches to catch users have raised questions of the right to privacy. The problem has become so big that companies have banded together to form rehabilitation programs to help the affected workers. Drug use affects employees for one re ason or another in every position of a company, and this greatly reduces the efficiency of those employees, and this has prompted companies to initiate illegal searches, which question the rights of employees, and rehabilitation programs. Drug abuse causes many serious problems that could have been avoided if the user wasn't on drugs. The problem of drug abuse has its worse effects when the persons using drugs are responsible for millions of dollars in equipment, money, or lives. The armed forces w hich are responsible for the defense of the nation and its interests should be ready at all times. But due to drug abuse the performance of military personal can be seriously reduced. An air crash in 1985 on the aircraft carrier Nimitz killed 14 crewmen and autopsies revealed that 11 of them were on drugs. "(The U.S.) spends billions of dollars on military defense, and our military may be crippled by this drug problem."T Drugs cost a lot and the need for them is ever increasing. A drug habit can quickly drain a worker's pay check while he still needs more drugs. An employee will embezzle to raise the funds necessary to buy more drugs, an employee in a high place has access to embezzle large amounts of cash or sell company secrets to rival compa nies or foreign powers. Drugs reduce the ability to make decisions, and if the addict is responsible for large amounts of cash the effects can be distasterous. The sales end of companies have been renowned for indulging in wine, women, and song before o r during the actual transaction, but the adverse effects on the decision making process by drugs and alcohol can induce the parties to buy at high prices or not buy needed supplies, which can cost large sums of money. Rival companies can even "pressure a drug-impaired executive into taking actions that hurt his company." "The abuse of drugs by executives causes disterous problem nationwide."Drug abuse also causes a leech effect on productivity due to workers not being at their best state o f condition. "Working while intoxicated, whatever the drugs, both the individual, the industry, and society." Workers on drugs are uncoordinated and unalert. Uncoordinated workers on an assembly line have a higher percentage of error than their sober counterparts making for defective parts and merchandise which will be returned by irate customers. This will cost a company in worthless merchandise and unhappy customers who most likely will not use their products again. A worker with drug proble ms also misses more days on sick leave than a worker without a drug problem. "We are just beginning to recognize the problem." The addicted drug users all have some type of reason for using drugs, or getting addicted. The reasons for people u sing drugs on the job are as varied as the drugs themselves. There are both stereotypical and practicality reasons for using drugs on the job. A chronolgical reason for drugs filtering up into business is that the drug oriented students of the sixties g rew up and went into careers bringing their drugs with them. Blue-collar workers use drugs to relieve the boredom of menial work. Years of working on an assembly line may create a high amount of tedium that only drugs can relieve. People in the high pr essure of white-collar jobs that create tension are prone to drug abuse. Manager types get paid well and "They are used to feeling masterful and are not likely to view drugs as threatening" so the odds are high of them getting addicted even though they are used to clean living. Jobs that require creativity such as artists use drugs to stimulate their creativity. The most logical reason for drug abuse is the accessibility of drugs at work and in society. If drugs are so accessible then of course there are going to be abusers. The government has tried to stop the flow of drugs inside the United States, but they haven't had any overwhelming success. Cocaine is becoming more popular because it provides an intense high that gives

GM Crops essays

GM Crops essays Imagine growing the most powerful crop in the world to benefit mankind! You are probably wondering, how can this be possible? This method is called GM crops or named genetically modified crops. Few general questions are asked about this new biotechnology. First question is, what is this or what is this method? Second, question may be, is product beneficial or desirable? Thirdly, are there any risks involved in this new biotechnology? These three questions will be discussed in this paper. The first thing might be some general history and background of GM crops. It was first introduced in 1996 for commercial production. Today, these crops are planted on more than 109 million acres worldwide (Pew initiative on food and biotechnology. 2002). The largest producers of GM crops are in the United States, while Canada came in close second. The United States has two thirds of GM crops (p. 2). In 1999, it had grown to 350 million acres worldwide. This rapid increase grew concerns in Europe over the health and environmental impacts. With all this in mind, businesses had to change labeling, planting, marketing, and other things to sell and inform the consumers (Peterson, G. In addition, what are the GM crops? The scientists will select desired gene or genes from donor organisms and inject these traits into recipient organisms without the long process of cross-pollination trails that emerge with the same result (English Nature. 2000). The genetically modified organisms are the biological characteristics, through means other than conventional breeding programs or natural selection (p.2). These advances in biotechnology have allowed scientist to accomplish genetic alter...

Mng Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mng - Essay Example Specialisation is the first criterion that is to be taken into account in the case of Bentley University. Based on its organisation structure, it shows that the tasks are subdivided into separate jobs. It is important to consider that in organisation theory, an extensive specialisation will allow employees to perform only a narrow range of tasks (Daft 16). At the top level next to the President and the executive assistant, Bentley is composed of seven operating divisions namely: business and finance, information services and operations, enrolment management, advancement, student affairs, marketing and communications and academic affairs. The university organises these divisions under the direct supervision of the President. If the office of the President will employ all the functions involved in the seven divisions, the entire university will eventually not work at its best considering the point that it has to do multi-tasking or perform a narrow range of tasks. Such situation will n ot allow any chance for the appropriate division of labour in order to optimise the capacity of the university to provide a high quality and standard service offering. In other words, specialisation is viewed to exist in the case of Bentley’s organisational structure, considering that it has subdivided the operations into seven divisions. It is however noted that the first and second divisions are under the direct control of the Vice President for Administration and Finance. Business and finance and the information services and operations are two divisions reporting directly to the VP for Administration and Finance. It makes sense that the business and finance department should be directly reporting to the office of the Vice President for Administration and Finance. It even makes sense that the information services and operations will also have to do the same. The reason is straightforward. The

The Brooklyn Museum of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Brooklyn Museum of Art - Essay Example It seems that the grey balanced against the purple color works to express a sort of bland, yet unique perspective on reality. One of the most thought provoking notions in the context of this work is the depiction of the artist’s inner feelings. One considers that poetry functions to articulate ideas and feelings that prose is not able to capture. In terms of this painting, it’s clear that the color imagery is able to depict aspects of the human condition that other modes of expression are not able to capture. While the nature of the individual artist’s feelings and unique world perspective is visible in the first work observed, the second work furthers the notion of the articulation of an individual’s interaction with the world. III. no title, 1960. As witnessed in this work, two spectres of most conceivably human figures are depicted. In addition to articulating aspects of the human experience that perhaps couldn’t be articulated in other artistic mediums, this painting expands the human perception of reality. In these regards, simply viewing this work functions to create a sense of feeling or emotion. This way the painting or artists work expands the perspectives on reality, and highlights that which is beautiful in the human experience. The painting itself seems to rely on crisp yet abstract design to illustrate a similar mental state. The image in the background also appears to be melding into the background, just as one might imagine a long lost memory or spectre of experience to do. When considering the visit to the Brooklyn Museum of Art from an overarching perspective, it’s clear the experience was highly enlightening. I would definitely recommend that other people visit the museum and have this experience as it... In this essay, the author makes some analysis of this museum experience. He shows us the paintings which were created when Hesse was at a young age, being only twenty-four years old. While the paintings are unnamed, there are identified through Roman Numerals. In these regards, the first painting in the exhibit that I spent time examining was IV. The writer describes some works of Art, share with his opinion, urges to visit the museum. He understands this painting is the connection between furthered understanding of the idea of the human through art. It seems that this work has no hidden message, but functions as a means of articulating the artist’s mood. It seems that the grey balanced against the purple color works to express a sort of bland, yet unique perspective on reality. When considering the visit to the Brooklyn Museum of Art from an overarching perspective, it’s clear the experience was highly enlightening. Hedefinitely recommend that other people visit the museum and have this experience as it presents a number of learning opportunities. In addition to the Spectres exhibit, the museum contains a wide variety of contemporary and ancient art. For instance, the ancient Egyptian artifacts were exciting to see simply for their age. In all the expansive nature of the museum grants the visitor a great perspective on culture and art. Abundant evidence that the author are impressed and very happy to to the museum.

Corporate Credibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate Credibility - Essay Example As such, it is true that corporate credibility plays a major role in facilitating for the effectiveness of different types of marketing communications a firm employs to influence the manner in which clients react to advertisements, promotions, and brands (Goldsmith et al., 2010). Corporate credibility depends upon three different factors. These include attitude of consumers towards the advertisement, attitude of consumers towards the brand, and purchase intentions of the clients. Advertisements play a major role in notifying clients about a certain brand in the market and its features (Carroll, 2015). While advertising a product, a company needs to analyze its target audience to determine the mode of advertisement is appealing to them. In this case, when the mode of advertising is appealing to the clients, they are highly likely to develop positive perception towards a company and seek for its products. Nonetheless, if the mode of advertisement is inappropriate, clients develop negative perceptions towards the firm and may not be willing to purchase from the firm. The brand that a company makes should be appealing in terms of names, packaging, taste, and ability to meet the needs of the client. In case a product lacks these features, then clients would discr edit the company and refrain from purchasing its products and services (Carreras et al., 2013). Furthermore, the purchase intentions of a client also influence the credibility of a given organization. A firm should not force a client to purchase a product that he or she does not want. This is because a client knows his or her tastes and preference, meaning that if a firm forces a customer to purchase a product he does not want, then he or she would develop negative perception towards a firm. In this case, it is true that a company should consider the three different factors upon which corporate credibility depends to avoid being discredited by its

Housekeeping Training and Development

Housekeeping Training and Development Housekeeping is a process of making a place or organization clean and tidy . There is specific department in hotel which is called housekeeping department . This department is responsible to clean the hotel rooms and common area . This department is supervise by an housekeeping manager and assist by an assistant manager. In this process , activities such as cleaning dirty surface , dusting , vacuuming and rubbish disposing are done regularly . In order to clean , tools such as broom , sponge , vacuum machine , and detergent are used . Housekeeping department also plays an important role in hotel line because it creates an pleasant impression . TOPIC: TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN HOUSEKEEPING What are three basic areas housekeeping employees should receive training? List the elements found in each area and the importance of environmental and health concerns. Provide good and poor examples. ROOM http://img4.realsimple.com/images/home-organizing/cleaning/0604/family-room_300.jpg Room is the basic area for a housekeeping personnel to receive training . Room is the main source of income for the hotel premise . Room should be kept clean so that it would create a good impression to the guest thus creating a trust in them . however to get a clean room , housekeeping personnel should Clean the room thoroughly without raising dust, using a damp mop , Routinely clean and disinfect equipment and furniture in customers room , Commode, Empty and disinfect the sputum mug frequently if the customer is using it , Empty and clean the waste-paper bin each day or when necessary , keep windows open to promote ventilation and use air-freshening spray if there is an odor left in the room . The class of the room in the hotel mostly depends on the structure of the hotel itself. The classification of the hotel rooms is often used not so much for the indication of comfort, as for the reflection of the number of beds. You can safely say that the general standard for the internationa l hotel business today is a single room. Tourist, staying in it, can count on the separate bathroom, wardrobe, TV set. WI-FI connection to the Internet is a default option practically in all the rooms of new hotels.Depending on the host country and the status of the hotel a standard room can have additional functions and features. For example, in many  hotels in Britain  washstands with the separate faucet for cold and hot water can be found. In Chine the standard set for the bathroom includes a hairbrush, a toothbrush and paste. Thereby the standard set for the bathroom in the world hotel industry includes soap, towels for body and hands and, of late, a shower gel.In addition to the standard room, the world classification distinguishes more than 30 different types of rooms. The type of the hotel room can depend on the view from the window, the number and the size of rooms, the quality of furniture, the content of mini-bar and the availability of office equipment. In addition to the classification of rooms there is a classification of accommodation. There are also a lot of options: from a double room, where three or more people can stay, to accommodation with children or in the separate cabin on the territory of the hotel. Both the room types and the accommodation types have alphabetic acronyms, primarily in English. For example, BO stands for bed only and means that meals are not included. An abbreviation SV (sea view) in the description of the room means that you will be able to observe the sea through your window.These are the types of room Deluxe Deluxe rooms one of the most expensive rooms in the hotel. Deluxe (De luxe) the word is from the French language, literally can be high class Standard Standard or single room is a classic of hotel business. A single room in any hotel plays a role of its own currency. Suite Suite is a hotel room with an improved design. Suites are often similar in size to a standard room, but the quality of design remains good HOTEL LOBBY http://www.empresshotels.com/img/empress-hotel-lobby.jpg Hotel lobby plays an important role in housekeeping because that is the first place guest will see in the entrance of the hotel . Other than that , guest can actually rest while waiting their reservation to be proceses . The lobby should be kept clean regularly , the chairs and table should be wiped and the floor should be mopped . Lobby also can be called as foyer or entrance hall . Many  office buildings,  hotels  and  skyscrapers  go to great lengths to decorate their lobbies to create the right impression. Since the mid 1980s there has been a growing trend to think of lobbies as more than just ways to get from the door to the  elevator, but instead as social spaces and places of commerce.  Some research has even been done to develop scales to measure lobby atmosphere in order to improve hotel lobby design. Many places that offer public services, such as a doctors office, use their lobbies as more of a waiting room for the people waiting for a certain service. In the se types of lobbies it is common for there to be comfortable furniture, such as couches and lounge chairs, so that the customer will be able to wait in comfort. Also, there may be television sets, books, and/or magazines to help the customer pass time as they wait to be served . In the end the lobby should be kept clean to bring in more income . HOTEL WASHROOM http://s3.amazonaws.com/atimg/82961/HazeltonHotel_rect540.jpg Hotel washroom should be kept clean so that it would create a good impression to the customer . The housekeeping department is responsible to ensure that these place are kept clean and tidy .a washroom can be a single unit featuring a toilet and  hand basin  for hand washing. washroom can also be larger facilities, which may include bathing facilities or showers,  changing rooms  and baby facilities.washroom may be stand alone buildings or installations, or be contained within buildings such as  railway stations, schools,  bars,  restaurants,nightclubs  or  filling stations. washroom can also be found on some  public transport  vehicles, for use by passengers. washroom are usually fixed facilities, but can also refer to smaller public  portable toilets, or larger public portable toilets constructed as  portable buildings.washroom are commonly separated by  gender  into male and female facilities, although some can be  unisex, particularly the smaller o r single occupancy types. Both male and female toilets may incorporate toilet cubicles, while many male toilets also feature  urinals. Increasingly, public toilets incorporate  accessible toilets  and features to cater for people with  disabilities.washroom may be unattended or be staffed by a  janitor  (possibly with a separate room), or  attendant, provided by the  local authority  or the owner of the larger building. In many cultures it is customary to  tip  the attendant, while other public toilets may charge a small  fee  for entrance, sometimes through use of a coin operated  turnstile . QUESTION 2 TOPIC: HOTEL AMMENITIES What amenities would you feature in a budget hotel property? In a midsized property? In a luxury property? BUDGET HOTEL http://www.hotelbeursstraat.nl/images/budget_hotel_amsterdam.jpg Budget hotel provides a cheap yet a comfortable place to stay . I would prefer amenities such as food and beverage service and include with shops which sells basic utensils and food . Other than that   Air conditioning must be available. There should be special disability adapted rooms available. The friendly reception is open 24 hours to provide any information required, including currency exchange, safe deposit boxes and internet connection . Younger guests can also have fun in the playground. In the evening, guests can enjoy music at the pool bar, as well as the main bar and frequent party nights to keep spirits high. Barbecue and kaoreke should be provided . MIDSIZED HOTEL http://www.greenfieldhotel.com/en/images/Hotel%20new.jpg Midsized hotel usually is 3 or 4 star hotel . In my opinion food and beverage especially the restaurant should have variety of dishes and facilities .   Guests can relax by the swimming pool with refreshments from the pool bar, open from early in the morning until late at night and other leisure facilities such as the pool table, water polo and the recreation room , all this facilities must be included in midsized property . Other than that , Spa , Jacuzzi , wifi and cable tv should be provided . LUXURY PROPERTY http://www.ezega.com/userfiles/Image/atsea.jpg Luxury hotel such as burj al arab are given the high class facilities or deluxe .Types of amenities a luxury hotel should have is Food and beverage service such as multiple restaurant with different types of cuisine and be entertained by high class waiter and waitress . Other than that Bath ropes and towel should be provided in well furnished washroom equal to 6 star washroom . In entertainment wise , cable tv with multiple channel should be provided and equipped with cd and dvd player . Iron and iron board should be provided together with a huge wardrobe . The beddiong should be huge together with high quality pillow and blanket . In terms of food , a mini fridge should be provided with drinks , wine and snacks . A world class jacuzzi and spa should be provided in high class and in spa the instructor should be well trained . CONCLUSION Question 1 and 2 show me the importance of housekeeping department in hotel industry . Housekeeping department plays an important role in hotel industry because it create an pleasant impression to the guest , thus bringing in more business . Other than that , hotel amenities also plays an important role in hotel industry because guest will prefer to go to hotel which provide better amenities . IM PADMAN THANABALAN, hereby confirm that this assignment is my own work and not copied or plagiarized from any sources. I have referenced the sources from which information is obtained by me for this assignment. Signature Date BIBILIOGRAPHY http://www.hotelnissaki.gr/mykonos-hotels-facilities-amenities.php http://www.hotelhaciendaloslaureles.com/english/los-laureles-facilities.php http://www.ezega.com/userfiles/Image/atsea.jpg http://housekeeping.about.com/od/cleaning101/a/housekeeping.htm Raising the Dust : The Literary Housekeeping of Mary Ward, Sarah Grand, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman  Ã‚  Ã‚   Author:  Sutton-Ramspeck, Beth  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publisher:  Ohio University Press Original Publish Date: 09/2004   Enders Hotel : A Memoir  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Author:  Schrand, Brandon R.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publisher:  University of Nebraska Press Original Publish Date: 03/2008   Opportunities in Hotel and Motel Management Careers  Ã‚  Ã‚   Author:  Henkin, Shepard  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publisher:  McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing Original Publish Date: 11/2001  

Eliots The Waste Land and Maddys No Past, No Present, No Future :: Wasteland Maddy Eliot Essays

T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land" and Yulisa Amadu Maddy's "No Past, No Present, No Future" Time and circumstance change everything. When we are young, the world is fresh, exciting, and pure. As people age, we begin to realize how corrupt the world is. Our old center, one based on trust, breaks down. Everyone in the world is looking out for their personal well-being, not the well-being of others. With this knowledge, people’s perspectives change. Rather than trusting every thing, we question the meaning and motive behind it. Our once happy, innocent world is now polluted and depressing. All things fall apart because the center cannot hold. It must change to accommodate life’s changes. T.S. Eliot and Yulisa Amadu Maddy are two authors who deal with this theory in their writings. Eliot published "The Waste Land" shortly after World War I. The horrific war drastically changed the mentality of the world. Thousands died. The living were left with endless questions: Why did so many die? Did the life of the deceased have any meaning? What is the meaning of any persons life? These questions prove that the center of society is changing. Not long before this period, people were content. They lived their lives day to day without questioning their actions. Now, they must second-guess everything, not just daily choices, but the entire reason that they must make such choices. The war to end all wars did not end the internal battles of it’s survivors. They are confused and helpless in the wasteland left by destruction. In No Past, No Present, No Future, Maddy proves it does not take a war for things to fall apart. His story is of three men who make some life changing mistakes. These circumstances are not as globally traumatic as a war. Still, they cause each character to question his every action, just as the war caused society to question every action. Their centers change as their ways of thinking change. Each person suffers through their own internal battles. Things begin to fall to pieces while their centers transform. Sex is the catalyst for all destruction. As children, we are oblivious to it. Our bodies have not reached full maturity. Therefore, we have no desire for sexual indulgence or experimentation. The Thrills of prepubescent life come from exploring surroundings. We play and develop our personalities and imaginations. The entire time, we are learning and growing physically and intellectually.

Essay for the Sandpiper Essay

Tragedy, in multiple views leads to grief, misery and may even cause emotional desensitization. However this solely depends on the cause of such tragedy. A simple tragedy exists as a result of the irony of combining diverse religion and cultures and is especially expressed in the story â€Å"Sandpiper†. Here author Ahdaf Soueif expresses cultural differences through the breaking relationship of a European writer and her Egyptian husband. Acquiescent undermine passivity Being the protagonist, the narrator becomes the view point character in the story and this is where audience criticisms take place. From the beginning she seems to display a sort of weakness and compliance towards events; watching the waves swoop back into the sea; conforming to her lack of work and loss of identity ; â€Å"watching (her husband) vanish†, and watching her daughter â€Å"grow away† from herself. The sand image, as the story opens portrays her compliance-The way she did not wish to o bstruct nature`s pattern of â€Å"one grain of sand† because of her movement. Later as Um Sabir (her â€Å"husband`s old nanny†) prevents her from doing any work, her feminine independence also appears to be deplored yet she simply accepts this fact and though seeming solemn, does not take any action. The reader soon becomes critical about such fragility. Notice how the writer mentions -â€Å"watch† her husband vanish. Due to her foreignness, she seemed to slowly fade away from her and her husband`s relationship and displays severe grief. However it appears indeed so absurd for the reader, because this narrator does not develop any sort of resistance to her dilemma. Furthermore her despondency grows gradually, and it seems that her daughter is being torn away from her the same way as with her husband. She simply pines her heart and the narrator grows a sort of dissent for the protagonist. Sandpiper a coastal bird which cannot fly too high nor too far from the co astal region (due to its habitat and feeding habits) is a perfect name for this story it seems. The way the protagonist’s life appears limited and restricted is definitely the main cause. However the reader may wonder why the narrator does not rebel to this lifestyle. There may be numerous causes. Firstly notice the narrators patience as she sits by the beach observing the water`s â€Å"frilled white edge nibbling at the sand†. As she displays no qualms to her situations (for example being deprived of work as previously mentioned) it seems she still retains hope- of a happy lifestyle. This exaggerated patience she conforms, may perhaps be one of the reason she does not rebel. Another may be simply her love of and to sustain the happiness of her daughter. These causes all sum to the habitat and ability of a â€Å"Sandpiper†, its only restrictions. Therefore it seems that the protagonist subsists in a self imposed jail, like a sandpiper and indeed does not soar beyond the beach which could momentarily give access to another sort of freedom, mentally, from her own conscience. However if we pay attention to the situation the author rejects such criticisms-instead condemning the readers as absurd. Certainly following different cultures is not the protagonists fault. The consistent confusion and grief of the narrator’s situation is perhaps the cause of her helplessness. This way the author deems the protagonist as universal for humans; which either are NOT exceptions, to displaying similar responses, in such emotionally grim situations and though her image is portrayed as weak it is not held true to how we asses her. In some way the writer creates ambivalent views one portraying the theme of ‘fate’ and the other ‘free will’. A customary feature, to be noticed in this story is the authors unvarying image of the beach. Obviously this picture signifies the present and therefore, perhaps, alludes to the narrators ‘drifting’ thoughts. It also seems, the descriptions of the sand and the sea reflect her emotions. As the story opens, observe the serene albeit somewhat somber, descriptions (of the beach), in the past participle: â€Å"I used to see patterns†¦I did not want †¦. I used to sit†. Definitely the narrator is affectionately looking back at nostalgia, yet with regret. Her emotions drift in melancholy as a compliant stream of conscience guides her and suddenly we imagine a somber weak character, in passivity to not stir a single â€Å"grain of sand† from its ‘natural’ pattern. This is where the readers display an interest to this character`s matters. Slowly her emotions begin to frill as the descriptions become gradually violent –â€Å"the sea unceasingly shifts†¦surges forward with a low growl†¦ like thousand snakes† .By now the reader is absorbed into the persona`s feelings. The usage of the personal pronoun â€Å"I† becomes highly universal to the reader and definitely induces sympathy. Finally, as she â€Å"revert(s) to (the) dry grains that would easily brush away† the emotions are returned to the previous serenity however now there seems to be a hint of pain, a hint of helplessness. This way the writer skillfully attains the reader`s attention to the story, and somewhat forth shadows incidents in the story, pertaining to the emotions. Hereby the atmosphere seems so somber, so calm; slowly the reader drifts in with the thoughts of the writer. What the reader may also take notice, with hindsight, is that perhaps Soueif uses this initial beach image as an extended metaphor for the life of the narrator; as in the beginning her life was filled with bliss (in love with her husband), which suddenly changed to desperation and somewhat anger (as he slowly â€Å"slip away† from her) and finally grief (of the freedom she lost). Proactive pragmatic The next imagery of the beach occurs after she mentions the second summer at the â€Å"beach house west of Alexandria†. Here the narrator utilizes the sand and the sea as symbols for her husband and herself, the way these two entities seemed to â€Å"meet and flirt and touch† and establishes the theme of love . However, reading between the lines, perhaps the writer forth shadows a sort of obscurity in the relationship. Notice how the sand and the sea simply â€Å"meet† metaphorically indicating love; although away from this â€Å"edge† such love does not seem to prevail as the sea and the sand form a tight boundary. Also the sea consistently â€Å"drifts† and the sand itself shifts, especially with the pressure of the waves: perhaps the author accentuates fluid emotions which flow and â€Å"shift† with due time and therefore depicts this couple to slowly â€Å"drift† apart from each other. This way another theme, of relativity of time and emotion is established here. The ending of the story also prevails with this beach image. It seems the narrator is back to the present and this picture plays the greatest significance as she sees â€Å"different things from those 6 years ago†. Now she appears calmer yet more melancholic. The reader can effective ly perceive such emotion; especially in the lines â€Å"the last of the foam is swallowed bubbling into the sand† and â€Å"with each ebb of green water the sand looses part of itself to the sea†. This definitely feels somber; as if love is being persistently broken down by the force of nature. Realistically, it seems such force subsists as cultural pressure. Where the couple belonging to 2 different cultures altogether formed such a relationship, the narrators â€Å"foreignness†¦began to irritate him (her husband)†. Cultural pressure and foreign tensions arise as a conflict due to the ignorance of each other`s culture and perhaps a development in this slowly weakened their relationships. Not only does the husband feel irate yet this deplored the protagonist`s freedom- â€Å"I tried at first at least to help, but she would†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ease the duster or the vacuum cleaner from my hand†. Coming back to the coastal descriptions, note how the author mentions â€Å"the†¦foam is swallowed bubbling into the sand† and how these two bodies meet but never ‘mix’. Probably the author, here portrays the theme of immiscibility. As sea and sand are immiscible it appears the foreignness and its resultant family tensions never intended a strong relationship; the love of both the narrator and her husband was immiscible, which would interact, yet as easily drift away. Perhaps this way the author undermines the system of religion. Indeed such a trivial matter, as exemplified is the commencement of weak relations and eventually such tragedies; for certainly, every being strays ethnocentric and this simple arrogance leads to major conflicts. This is later supported as the narrator finally questions-â€Å"But what do the waves know of the massed, hot, still sands of the desert? And what does the beach know of the depths, the cold currents†¦where the water turns a deeper blue.† .Duplicity is heavily prevalent due to ignorance of other religion, and like the sand and the sea it extends massively. What the writer Ahdaf Soueif is attempting to accentuate is that this concept of worldly cultures actually constructs a sort of mistrust amongst others and its great irony is exhibited in the form of this story Another image which we can relate to this theme is the difficulty, even dislike the wife shows towards adapting to a different culture. During the second summer at the beach house the narrator mentions her nostalgia of her hometown (Europe as Georgian sq uare is mentioned) and â€Å"misses† her time spent there. The moment this is mentioned suspicion rises in the readers mind; of her happiness following the new culture. She does display a sort of irritation as she is not allowed to work at home. Finally (later) she appears to complain- â€Å"my foreignness†¦my inability to remember name†¦struggles with his (her husband’s) language†, etc. Definitely the author is attempting to depict another cultural pressure here; despite the passage of time, evidently she depicts, that the wife has problems shifting to the new culture. Ironically, though, this foreignness actually appealed her husband yet now repelled him. LorDhRUv

s Message Through Candide.

of other great minds and modern day thought. From the start of the book to the end of the book there is an underlying thought in the reader’s mind that Voltaire isn’t a large fan of the church. He depicts religious men, such as monks and priests, as hypocrites that don’t even live up to the religion that they claim to believe in and practice. However, there is more. Voltaire portrays the church as one of the most corrupt, dishonest, violence-ridden places on the entire planet. He believed that God created the earth, sure, but the people and their brutality towards one another is the major factor in what keeps this world from being anything close to perfect. This is exactly where Voltaire clashes with the other philosophers of this time. Alexander Pope, for example, believed that every human being is part of a greater, rational, grand design of god. Simply, Voltaire thought that this belief stripped man of his free will. Anti-war sentiment is high in the book Candide, which originates largely from his experiences in the Seven Years War. Not only is he against war,... 's Message Through Candide. Free Essays on Voltaire\'s Message Through Candide. Voltaire’s Message through Candide In the book Candide by Voltaire, there are many themes that shine through the pages of humor through morbid translation. The main theme of Candide revolves around the pessimistic view that Voltaire had of this earth as a whole. Whereas a philosopher such as Leibniz believed that this Earth was the best possible world with perfect order and reason, Voltaire believed otherwise. He believed that the world was not the best of all possible ones and that accident and chance play a major role. Aside from this there are many other themes in the book, such as: religious discontent, anti-war sentiment, and his belief that the world is far from a utopia. Comparatively speaking many philosophers of the same time differ largely in their view of the world, and in the following paragraphs the message of Candide will be compared to the words of other great minds and modern day thought. From the start of the book to the end of the book there is an underlying thought in the reader’s mind that Voltaire isn’t a large fan of the church. He depicts religious men, such as monks and priests, as hypocrites that don’t even live up to the religion that they claim to believe in and practice. However, there is more. Voltaire portrays the church as one of the most corrupt, dishonest, violence-ridden places on the entire planet. He believed that God created the earth, sure, but the people and their brutality towards one another is the major factor in what keeps this world from being anything close to perfect. This is exactly where Voltaire clashes with the other philosophers of this time. Alexander Pope, for example, believed that every human being is part of a greater, rational, grand design of god. Simply, Voltaire thought that this belief stripped man of his free will. Anti-war sentiment is high in the book Candide, which originates largely from his experiences in the Seven Years War. Not only is he against war,...

Technological Advancements of the 19th Century essays

Technological Advancements of the 19th Century essays During the nineteenth century, many advances in technology took place. Most of these came as a result of people beginning to understand electricity. (Even though electricity had been studied and recorded for many centuries, it was only as of the nineteenth century that it had been experimented with to make life easier.) New discoveries were being announced almost daily. Around 600 B.C.E, a Greek philosopher and mathematician discovered that when he rubbed amber, it became electrically charged and small objects would be attracted to it and stick to it. Many hundreds of years later, in 1729, Benjamin Franklin walked out into a rainstorm with a kite and proved to the world that lightning is electricity. After many years of experimenting with electricity and learning how to utilize its power, technology to make life much easier began to be developed in the nineteenth century. A few of these inventions included the electric clock, the telephone, the microphone, and the first practical lights. Since the understanding of electricity was becoming widespread during the nineteenth century, people such as Thomas Edison began experimenting with electricity to make daily life easier. Probably the most important electrical invention is the light bulb and practical electric lighting. When a light bulb is hooked up to a power supply, the current of electricity heats the atoms that make up the filament, a thin metal wire to transfer electricity. When these atoms are heated to a high enough temperature, the atoms emit light. After Edison invented the light bulb, he and Joseph Swan began investigating a way to create practical lighting that could be used in everyday life for the average person. In 1880, this dream was realized, and today hundreds of electric lights in various shapes and sizes are used in our homes for anything from room lighting to lights for the computers or digital LCD clocks. Another major invention that uses elect...

The use of force by william carlos williams Essay

The use of force by william carlos williams - Essay Example Should one derive vicarious pleasure by such an exercise? Hurting consciousness is hurting the core personality of an individual; it is the ultimate non-physical hurt. To cause intentional pain to others is considered as the greatest sin. The story by Williams relates to the 19th century surroundings. The narrator is a doctor, and the story centers on his actions and the reactions to his actions by the girl-patient. Now, normally a doctor is a busy person, profession-wise and he has to handle a number of patients in a day, and the family members. The doctor, in this particular case, is on house calls. As he initiates the process of the physical examination of the patients he thinks, â€Å"I could see that they were all very nervous, eyeing me up and down distrustfully. As often, in such cases, they weren't telling me more than they had to, it was up to me to tell them; that's why they were spending three dollars on me.†The doctor seems to be sympathetic and aware of his respon sibilities for the patient and would like to do justice to the professional charges that he would receive. Sometimes, handling the accompanying persons is more difficult than to handle the patient. A doctor is not a member of a peace delegation; he is a professional and has a responsibility to carry out—to make the patient recoup the original health. ... the ego issue may also crop forth in which case the doctor will have his way. His forcibly gathering the throat culture from the resisting child he is examining is the case in point. (The doctor must be thinking while executing his treatment options—I am the doctor, and I know what I need to do!) Basically, the doctor is a compassionate man, but he cannot be expected to retain his composure throughout the day in the discharge of his professional duties. He is undeniably blunt and prejudiced to an extent. He has to be, and that probably depends upon the type of patients/people that he has to interact with. His actions are generally the responsive actions. He has no deliberate intentions to hurt his patients. The parents are generally weak before their offspring, and with a daughter going through the phase of ill-health, the level of weakness increases further. This is the common disposition of parents. In this story a clear picture of the psychological trends of the daughter, p arents and the doctor emerges. Each one of them is right according to their understanding, in the given circumstances. The weak parents turn further weak, in front of their ailing daughter. The daughter becomes more stubborn taking advantage of their weakness. The doctor has to intervene, he has to carry on with his professional options of his choice and finally, he assumes the posture of stubbornness. At this juncture, he doesn’t hesitate to exert his professional power. He cannot wait for the weak parents and the stubborn daughter to come to a settlement, because time is also a constraint for the doctor, and he is suspecting it to be a case of diphtheria. He must diagnose and act quickly. When the polite words, initial coaxing fails, he comes to a conclusion and he says firmly, â€Å"I'm here

Health teaching section Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health teaching section - Essay Example Health Belief Model, which reliably detects the health behaviors of individuals, may assist in overcoming this issue by guiding our efforts towards the most appropriate educational measures to modify the health behavior of teenagers in this regard (Hodges & Videto, 2011). On the basis of this model, a teenager can be expected to take health-related measures if; Planning will be specifically directed towards the above mentioned issue and will aim to achieve measureable actions that are achievable, realistic and taken in a timely manner (SMART) (ONeill, 2006). Smart is being used to elaborate on the planning need for a teenage pregnancy. The teaching plan will span over a period of 4 weeks. Every teaching session will start by determining the prior knowledge status of students before delivery of new information. This will include a short assessment (pre-assessment) of students about the key aspects of the upcoming lesson using a questionnaire containing Multiple Choice Questions. The outcome of this assessment will serve the purpose of gaining an insight into the baseline knowledge of students. The teaching session will start after this assessment. The duration of instruction will span over a period of 20 minutes. The teacher will make sure that the classrooms are well-equipped for teaching. This will include the provision of a multimedia video projector, computer, appropriate lighting in the classroom, classroom furniture and the required stationary. After completion of instructions, an open discussion session will be conducted under teacher’s supervision. The discussion will aim to answer and highlight the issues pertaining to the material taught earlier. The teacher will make sure that every student of the class participates in the discussion. After completion of discussion, a post-instruction assessment will be carried out to get an idea about the learning achieved by

Project Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Managment - Essay Example Resource-based view is a main contributor to a firm’s competitive advantage. It implies the use of both tangible and intangible resources of the firm, so as to gain attributes that let it outperform its competitors (Shrivastava, 1994). Resource-based view (RBV) is a major determinant during the selection a firm’s location. These resources include the firm’s assets, management skills, organisational processes and routines, and the information and knowledge it controls. To begin, the human resource is important for a firm’s success as it encourages convergence and interaction of operations strategy and human resource issue (Thornhill & Amit, 2003). The economics and finance of a firm largely depend on RBV. A firm’s return is hoisted depending on the resources at its disposal. Thus, in selecting a location, the firm should consider the possibility of positive returns in its new location, and this, however, may be hindered by the firm’s heterogeneity (Barney 2001, 638). RBV is entirely, as well, a vital tool in expanding research and entrepreneurial developments in a firm. Through the entrepreneurial process of understanding market opportunities, and the coordination of innovativenes s and knowledge in the firm, the firm’s inputs can be easily translated to heterogeneous returns. Thus, the firm gains a competitive advantage over its competitors (Barney, 2001, 639) The selection of a new location for a firm is supposed to be based on other factors like marketing and customer preferences. Changing to a new location may alter the utilisation of RBV resources, and this may have the effect of either customer value creation or depreciation. Thus, RBV plays a big role in the determination of a new location for a firm. It may lead to a heterogeneous output for the firm if all the RBV resources are utilized with a prior market analysis (Belderbos et al., 2008) The design role in any firm

A Wallet Full of Money and a Life Full of Nothing Essay Example for Free

A Wallet Full of Money and a Life Full of Nothing Essay In â€Å"Citizen Kane†, Orson Welles shows the viewer how an adult’s life can be tormented by their divested childhood. In his movie, Welles portrays Kane to be a man with the world in his hands yet he possesses nothing of sentimental value. Not being able to appreciate the people who surround him the way that they appreciate him, Kane turns to money and power to fulfill the love and affection he didn’t receive as a child. Welles portrays Kane’s robbed childhood, his vanity, and his hunger for power as the cause to Kane’s failed relationships and his lonely death. Shortly after the beginning of the movie, Welles uses symbolism to expose how Kane’s childhood innocence and purity had been taken from him at an early age. In this scene, Kane is out playing in the pure and white snow, which can be interpreted as Kane enjoying his innocent years in the essence of purity that comes with childhood. When his parents, along with Thatcher, go outside to inform him about his trip, Kane uses his sled as a defensive tool against Thatcher. This can be a reflection on why Kane never accepted Thatcher’s attempts at discipline and guidelines. Kane saw Thatcher as the person who deprived him of his childhood and took him away from his most prized possession, which was Rosebud, his sled. Towards the end of the scene, the sled is left out in the snow for years as the snow begins to pile up on it; this could be seen as a metaphorical correlation to Kane leaving his innocence and the purity of his childhood to become a man with a polluted soul who is ruled by money and power. As Kane grows up to become a man of wealth and power, many of his personality issues can be traced back to his childhood upbringing. The viewers are given an insight to the controlling and manipulative person Kane is when they come across the scene where Kane walks into the Inquirer and tells the editor-in-chief that he is literally going to live in his office. Because he couldn’t control his unsatisfactory childhood upbringing, Kane grew up to be an awfully controlling man. His controlling personality then led him to publish subjects that would on ly bring him attention. As a child who was taken away from his parents at only eight years old, he wanted all  the attention possible, hence the deceptive subjects he would publish. Kane’s childhood lacked the essentials of parental love and attention, which later transformed him into an egocentric, power-hungry monster. Possessing both money and power, Kane became obsessed with himself; the more power he obtained, the more he felt in need of it. At the age of twenty-five, Kane buys the New York Inquirer without even the slightest clue on how to run a newspaper business. One can thus determine that Kane would use his money to help him gain a voice. Kane never cared about his money, or the spending of, because he had plenty of it. What Kane really wanted was to affect the people. His original plan, when taking over the Inquirer, was to help and become the voice of the poor and underprivileged, but he quickly forgot about his promises, as he continually grew more and more corrupt by printing stories that would only get him attention. His hunger for power became bigger than him when he ran for Governor of New York and would print insulting cartoons of his opponent. Kane started out with a plan that would affect the people in a positive way but consequently became a highly unlikeable man who would only t hink about the power his money could bring to him. Not only was Kane a man who wished for more power but also he was a man who was also ruled by vanity. Throughout the movie, Welles interprets Kane’s vanity by showing the viewer how Kane would use his controlling personality to make sure all his surroundings were nothing but perfect. A good example of this is when Leland writes a newspaper article about Susan’s mediocre singing skills and Kane reads it. After he reads Leland’s notice, he is determined to make Susan a better singer so he forces her to train and perform in numerous cities. Because of his vanity, Kane is concerned with the public’s opinion of his wife. He does not want to be known as the man who married a singer with amateur singing skills. Welles also does a magnificent job in portraying Kane’s vanity in the scene where Susan leaves him and all Kane is truly worried about is all the guests in Xanadu who might witness her departure. How he appears to the public is much more important to him than the fact that his own wife is leaving him. As a man who was drunk on his own power and rule d by his vanity, Kane failed to see how much he would hurt the people who were closest to him, especially his second wife, Susan. Ever since he met her, the first sign of his complicated personality was shown when he demanded her to sing for him. In that scene,  the viewer could foresee the kind of controlling and demanding spouse Kane would be. Throughout their relationship, one could notice how he would treat Susan more as an object than his wife. By forcing her to perform and become a better singer, he was treating her as one of his statues. His statues were beautifully sculpted and that is what he wanted Susan to be. A beautiful woman who lacked a beautiful voice was not an option for the wife of Charles Foster Kane. As Susan grew tired of Kane being absent most of the time and being forced to live in their home as one of his many statues, she decided to leave him. Kane always treated people as if they were his property and Susan was no exception. When she informed Kane of her intention to abandon him, he said to her, â€Å"you can’t leave me† which goes to show how he thought of Susan as one of his statues. Kane’s statues would literally and physically never leave him, which is why he was shocked by Susan’s decision. When she does leave and Kane can’t do anything about it, he becomes f ull of anger and destroys Susan’s room. For a man who was just left by his wife, his anger towards her is also a big sign to the viewer that Kane only saw her as his property. Because of so many failed relationships throughout his life, a man of endless wealth and power ends up in his deathbed alone with no one to care for him. Throughout the movie, as Thompson goes on a search to figure out the meaning behind Kane’s last words before his death, the viewer is exposed to the many reasons why Kane died a lonely man. His relationship with Thatcher never developed further because Kane always saw him as the person who robbed him from sharing his childhood years with his family. The friendship he had with his closest friend ended when he fired him because of a simple statement that offended his vanity. The relationship with his first wife not only ended because of his infidelity but also because of his need for more power. Kane would spend more time at the Inquirer than with Emily, which made the relationship bound to terminate. Last but not least, his relationship with Emily was a complete failure because he saw her as an object as opposed to his wife. Every person who would get emotionally close to Kane would eventually end up leaving him. As a result of his big ego, Kane never managed to develop relatio nships with those who surrounded him therefore, the only company he had while lying in his deathbed was a snow globe and his childhood memories. As one can conclude, because of his miserable childhood, Kane grew up to lead a life  full of luxury and riches but he lacked the true meaning of life- to live. Money only bought him objects and power but never bought him true love of any kind. His last words were in reference to an object that he owned as a child and that goes to show that his only happy memories were back when he lacked the fortune he now had. Kane’s robbed childhood, vanity, and his hunger for power were the reasons why Kane lived such a lonely and unfulfilled life up until the day he died.

American Oil Dependence Essay -- Economy Economics Oil Essays

American Oil Dependence Since the oil embargo of 1977, there has been an increased awareness of our nation's energy security. As global population and energy consumption rise, the need for a stable energy supply has become a hot topic and a politically volatile issue. As our negative trade balance grows larger by the day, the United States finds itself in a rather precarious position. We are becoming more and more dependent on Middle East oil. Indeed, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) predicts that domestic petroleum consumption will increase to 60 Btu by the year 2025. This statistic, in and of itself, is a matter of concern with respect to the greenhouse gas emissions that result from petroleum combustion. However, perhaps more disconcerting is the fact that U.S. oil production peaked in 1970 and has continued to fall since then (Campbell et. al., 1998). Therefore, the American public has turned to foreign oil, in particular Middle Eastern oil, to supplement its increase in demand. In an age where terrorism is at the forefront of people's minds, we still continue to import oil from the same nations that supposedly harbor so-called terrorist groups. The fact is that we are unwilling to responsibly face our energy future and instead choose to maintain a policy of increasing oil supply through importation. One of the main problems with this strategy is that it is a short-term remedy. Studies conducted by M. King Hubbert in 1956 predicted the rise, peak, and subsequent decline of global oil production. He predicted that global oil production would rise until around 2002 and then start declining (Campbell et. al., 1998). If one takes the oil embargo of 1977 into account, effectively decreasing the rate... ...to a fuel that, upon exhaustion, will mark our retreat from the global economic spotlight. Works Cited: Campbell, Colin J., Laherrere, Jean H. "The End Of Cheap Oil." Scientific American Mar. 1998: 78-83. Flo, Gary. "Lecture on Fossil Fuel Consumption." 8 Sep. 2003 N.A. "Environmental Advocates Statistics In Hand." 2003: www.geocities.com/Rainforest/Canopy/2743 Assoc. Press. "U.S. Auto Sales Hit 2003 High In July." USA Today 1 Aug. 2003: www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2003-07-31-autosales_x.htm Mills, Mark. "25 Years After OPEC's Embargo." Environmental News Jan. 1999: www.heartland.org N.A. "www.skyaid.org." 2003: www.skyaid.org/skycar/us_auto_statistics.htm Staff Writer. "Bureau of Land Management Maximizing Energy Development, Minimizing Environmental Protection." NRDC 7 Aug. 2003: www.nrdc.org/bushrecord/airenergy_publiclands.asp#1383

How Far do These Sources Suggest that Young Henry VIII was an Impressive Figure as a King?

How far do these sources suggest that young Henry VIII was an impressive figure as a king? In the 16th century an impressive figure of a king would mean that he demonstrated power both physically and economically and a good education. However as source two suggests, Henry might be considered less than impressive as he shows insecurities. A stronger argument though is that Henry did demonstrate the features of an impressive king as he had all the attributes listed above which is clear from all three sources.It might be inferred that Henry was less than impressive as he was clearly insecure. Source two shows Henry seeking to compare favourability with his rival king Francis I of France. He persistently asks the Venetian ambassador whether he is more physically impressive than Francis e.g. Henry asks ‘what sort of legs has he got?’ Such insecurity might encourage challenges as Henry could be seen as unconfident about his own authority. This argument could gain weight from t he fact that the ambassador would be seeking to provide accurate information to the government of Venice. It could however be seen as the only one incident by a king who had only been on the throne for six years. Also it is not sustained in the other two sources.The strongest argument suggests that Henry VIII was an impressive figure as king. From source two it might be inferred that Henry is very well educated as it shows Henry addressing the Venetian ambassador in French, †His majesty addressing me in French†. During his time on the throne only rich, well educated people could speak more than their native language. His good education also shows that he has an attribute of an impressive figure of king.The strongest argument which suggests that Henry was an impressive king gains weight from the Venetian ambassador being a reliable source. Source two is a written article so it is more likely to be reliable than a painting. The Venetian ambassador is also likely to be spea king the truth as he wants to tell the Venetian government accurate information and has no reason to lie.Source one also lends weight to the strongest argument that Henry VIII was an impressive figure as a king. Source one implies that Henry is a very rich and powerful king as it shows us spending time practicing his archery with  his guards. â€Å"The king was practicing archery in the garden with the archers of the guard.† It could be inferred from this that Henry has free recreational time as he is already in control of everything else. The argument that he is an impressive king gains weight from this because he has power over everyone, and that he gets people to do the jobs he would normally have to do.This can be inferred from source one as Henry spends his time in the garden â€Å"practicing archery with the archers of the guards.† This suggests that Henry has appointed other people to do the jobs he would have to do whilst he is in the garden practicing archer y. It could also be inferred that he is wealthy because he would be paying these people to do jobs for him. The source is a written document taken from a personal diary of the king’s Chaplin, John Taylor in 1513; he was also a royal official.The source is likely to be accurate and reliable as it is a personal diary. John Taylor would have been recording what he sees and as it is personal, there is no need to lie. Therefore we can infer that source one is a reliable source, this lends weight to the strongest argument that Henry VII was an impressive figure as king.Henry tried to portray himself as a warrior king during his early reign showing his impressive figure as king. Source two implies that Henry was an impressive warrior king because he says â€Å"look here and I also have a good calf to my leg†. This shows that he is physically impressive, a characteristic of an impressive warrior king. We can rely on this source as it was taken directly from the Venetian ambass ador’s report to his government. We can also infer from source three that Henry is physically impressive as the portrait shows a large man with broad shoulders. This agrees with source two and therefore supports the strongest argument that Henry was an impressive figure as king.However this portrait is by an unknown artist therefore it is very unreliable. It is also highly likely that Henry has paid the artist to make him look like an impressive warrior king. The argument that Henry was an impressive warrior king is also strengthened by source one. We can infer from source one that he had characteristics of a warrior because it tells us of how he was practicing with his guards at archery. Not only was he practicing with them, he also beat them as he hit the mark in the middle. We can rely on this source as it is taken as an extract from a personal diary written by the king’s Chaplin.The strongest argument suggests that henry was an impressive figure as king. This can b e inferred from all three sources. Source one implies that Henry is an impressive figure as king as he is superior to all of his guards as he beats them at archery, hitting â€Å"the mark in the middle†. We can also infer from source one that he has power over everyone else. He has enough time to practice archery; this means that he is employing people to do his jobs he would otherwise have to do. Source two also implies Henry was an impressive figure of a king as it tells us that Henry was physically impressive. â€Å"I also have a good calf to my leg†.The argument that Henry was an impressive figure as king is also supported by source three as Henry VIII’s portrait shows a physically impressive King with broad shoulders. We can also infer from source three that Henry VIII is very wealthy as he is wearing a lot of jewellery. Source two also implies that Henry was well educated as it shows Henry addressing the Venetian ambassador in French, â€Å"His majesty ad dressing me in French.† nery was HHhffAll three sources suggest that Henry was an impressive king as he demonstrates power both physically, economically and he has a good education.

Cultural Elements in Translation Essay

Different languages result in different world views. Different languages direct their speaker to a certain way of thinking and paying attention to certain aspects of the world around them. So translation is not only finding the best equivalent but also finding appropriate ways of saying things in another language. The main problem for a translator is to maintain the local color of source text (foreignization) or to adjust the text according to the culture of the target audience (domestication). One of the main goals of literary translation is show the sensibilities of the source-language culture to the target-language audience. Transmitting cultural elements is not an easy task. The translator should not only be a bilingual but also a bicultural. S/he should be familiar with the author’s intentions and readers’ expectations. S/he should study the history, social structure, religion, traditional customs and norms of both source and target texts which s/he is going to translate. Some of the problems which an Indian translator (or maybe any translator) faces during translating culture-specific items are as follows: * Translating proper names * Translating grammatical forms which show respect and euphemism * Translating social relationships * Translating life-style and values * Translating symbols * Translating habits * Translating national or religious ceremonies * Translating customs and traditions * Translating religious acts, myths and legends * Translating geographical and environmental phenomena So the translator should not stick to word-by-word translation but s/he should substitute certain elements in the work. S/he should attempt to transmit cultural quality from one language to another.

Examples of Plural Tantum in English

Examples of Plural Tantum in English Plurale tantum is a  noun that appears only in the plural and doesnt ordinarily have a singular form (for example, jeans, pajamas, tweezers, shears, and scissors). Also known as a lexical plural. Plural:  pluralia tantum. Jeans, scissors, trousers, and glasses are great examples of plural tantum  nouns in the English language. Singular Tantum A noun that appears only in the singular formsuch as dirtis known as singulare tantum. Etymology of Plural Tantum Latin  for plural only Examples and Observations Richard Lederer [in Crazy English, 1990] asks, Doesnt it seem just a little loopy that we can make amends but never just one amend; that no matter how carefully we comb through the annals of history, we can never discover just one annal; that we can never pull a shenanigan, be in a doldrum, or get a jitter, a willy, a delerium tremen, a jimjam, or a heebie-jeebie? Lederer is alluding to pluralia tantum: Nouns that are always plural. Because they are not the result of pluralizing a singular, the complete plural form, -s and all, has to be stored in memory. Pluralia tantum in a sense are irregular regulars, and indeed they are happy to appear inside compounds: almsgiver (not almgiver), arms race (not arm race), blues rocker (not blue rocker), clothesbrush, Humanities department, jeans maker, newsmaker, oddsmaker, painstaking.(Steven Pinker, Words and Rules. Basic Books, 1999) Items of Clothing Lets take a look at other pluralia tantum in the pants/trousers family:(Mark Liberman, Language Log, Feb. 15, 2007) Outergarments: pants (orig. pantaloons), trousers, slacks, breeches/britches, bloomers, jeans, dungarees, bell bottoms, chinos, tights, shorts, trunks, Bermudas (extended to brand names: Levis, 501s, Wranglers, Calvins)Undergarments: underpants, long johns, skivvies, drawers, panties, knickers, boxers, briefs, undies, tighty-whities (extended to brand names: BVDs, Fruit of the Looms, Jockeys) How to Turn Lexical Plurals Into Count Nouns Nouns for articles of dress consisting of two parts are also treated as plural: [A] Where ​are my trousers?[B] They are in the bedroom where you put them. But such plural nouns can be turned into ordinary count nouns by means of a pair of or pairs of: I need to buy a new pair of trousers.How many pairs of blue jeans do you have? (Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik, A Communicative Grammar of English, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2013) Lexical Concepts, Not Linguistic Classes The definitional property of having no singular turns out to be shallow and sometimes accidental, often (as in English) practically impossible to define and circumscribe. The state of affairs resembles the status of the mass-count distinction. . . . While they remain necessary as descriptive concepts, mass and count cannot be defined as grammatical properties of lexical items outside of a context, as Borer (2005) cogently shows. In the same way, I think, pluralia and singularia tantum are indispensable descriptive concepts, but they are not genuine linguistic classes. Therefore, we cannot build a notion of lexical plurals around that of pluralia tantum.(Paolo Acquaviva, Lexical Plurals: A Morphosemantic Approach. Oxford University Press, 2008)

Sumerian Civilization essays

Sumerian Civilization essays After hearing about many different ancient civilizations I feel that the Sumerians were the most advanced and the best civilization of their time. Not only did they come up with their own system of writing but they also became advanced in fields such as astronomy and math. All of their achievements come together to prove their wisdom and advanced thinking skills of their time. Out of all of their achievements the Sumerians biggest accomplishment was their system of writing. Their unique system called cuneiform consisted of arrangements of wedge-like strokes generally impressed with a stylus on wet clay tablets. This system was later adapted by other civilizations such as the Babylonians and the Persians. Because the Sumerians were predominantly agricultural they also became skilled at building canals and at developing effective systems of irrigation. Some of their other contributions came from objects such as pottery, jewelry, and weapons. These show that they were also skilled in the use of metals such as copper, gold, and silver and had developed by 3000 B.C. fine artistry as well as considerable technological knowledge. There are many reasons why the Sumerian civilization can be considered better than the many other ancient civilizations. One reason is that they were able to come up with their own system of writing rather than adapting it from another preexisting civilization like the Persians and Babylonians did. Another thing that made the Sumerians better than some of the other civilizations was their use of the calendar which they divided into twelve months based on the cycle of the moon. Since a year consisting of twelve lunar months is considerably shorter than a solar year, the Sumerians added a "leap month" every three years in order to catch up with the sun. This interest in measuring long periods of time also led the Sumerians to develop a complicated knowledge of astronomy and the first human invention of the zodiac ...

Definition and Examples of Theme-Writing

Definition and Examples of Theme-Writing Theme-writing refers to the conventional writing assignments (including five-paragraph essays) required in many composition classes since the late-19th century. Also called school writing. In his book The Plural I: The Teaching of Writing (1978), William E. Coles, Jr., used the term themewriting  (one word) to characterize empty, formulaic writing that is not meant to be read but corrected. Textbook authors, he said, present writing as a trick that can be played, a device that can be put into operation . . . just as one can be taught or learn to run an adding machine, or pour concrete. Examples and Observations: The use of themes has been maligned and vilified in the history of writing instruction. They have come to represent what was bad about the Harvard model, including an obsession with correcting the themes in red ink, but the womens colleges typically used themes to get students writing regular essays based on common topics. . . . Theme writing, as David Russell notes in Writing in the Academic Disciplines, 1870-1990, continued to be a model for required composition courses at small liberal arts colleges much longer than it did in the larger universities, in large part because the universities could no longer keep up with the labor-intensive practice of having students write multiple essays over the course of a semester or year.(Lisa Mastrangelo and Barbara LEplattenier, Is It the Pleasure of This Conference to Have Another?: Womens Colleges Meeting and Talking About Writing in the Progressive Era. Historical Studies of Writing Program Administration, ed. by B. LEplattenier and L. Mast rangelo. Parlor Press, 2004) Camille Paglia on Essay Writing as a Form of Repression[T]he present concentration on essay writing at the heart of the humanities curriculum is actually discriminatory against people of other cultures and classes. I think its a game. Its very, very obvious to me, having been teaching for so many years as a part-timer, teaching factory workers and teaching auto mechanics and so on, the folly of this approach. You teach them how to write an essay. Its a game. Its a structure. Speak of social constructionism! Its a form of repression. I do not regard the essay as its presently constituted as in any way something that came down from Mount Sinai brought by Moses.(Camille Paglia, The M.I.T. Lecture.  Sex, Art, and American Culture. Vintage, 1992)English A at HarvardHarvards standard, required composition course was English A, first given in sophomore year and then, after 1885, moved to the first year. . . . In 1900-01 writing assignments included a mix of daily themes, which were brief two- or three-paragraph sketches, and more extended fortnightly themes; topics were up to the student and thus varied widely, but the dailies usually asked for personal experience while the longer ones covered a mix of general knowledge.(John C. Brereton, Introduction. The Origins of Composition Studies in the American College, 1875-1925. Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1995) Theme Writing at Harvard (Late 19th Century)When I was an undergraduate at Harvard our instructors in English composition endeavored to cultivate in us a something they termed The daily theme eye. . . .Daily themes in my day had to be short, not over a page of handwriting. They had to be deposited in a box at the professors door not later than ten-five in the morning. . . . And because of this brevity, and the necessity of writing one every day whether the mood was on you or not, it was not always easyto be quite modestto make these themes literature, which, we were told by our instructors, is the transmission through the written word, from writer to reader, of a mood, an emotion, a picture, an idea.(Walter Prichard Eaton, Daily Theme Eye. The Atlantic Monthly, March 1907)The Chief Benefit of Theme-Writing (1909)The chief benefit derived from theme-writing lies probably in the instructors indication of errors in the themes and his showing how these errors are to be corrected; for by these means the student may learn the rules that he is inclined to violate, and thus may be helped to eliminate the defects from his writing. Hence it is important that the errors and the way to correct them be shown to the student as completely and clearly as possible. For instance, suppose that a theme contains the sentence I have always chosen for my companions people whom I thought had high ideals. Suppose the instructor points out the grammatical fault and gives the student information to this effect: An expression such as he says, he thinks, or he hears interpolated in a relative clause does not affect the case of the subject of the clause. For example, The man who I thought was my friend deceived me is correct; who is the subject of was my friend; I thought is a parenthesis which does not affect the case of who. In your sentence, whom is not the object of thought, but the subject of had high ideals; it should therefore be in the nominative case. From this information the stud ent is likely to get more than the mere knowledge that the whom in this particular case should be changed to who; he is likely to learn a principle, the knowledge of whichif he will remember itwill keep him from committing similar errors in future.But the theme from which one sentence is quoted above contains fourteen other errors; and the forty-nine other themes which the instructor is to hand back to-morrow morning contain among them about seven hundred and eighty-five more. How shall the instructor, as he indicates these eight hundred errors, furnish the information called for by each one? Obviously he must use some kind of shorthand.(Edwin Campbell Woolley, The Mechanics of Writing. D.C. Heath, 1909)